Wéi installéiere ech Docker a lafen Docker Container an Ubuntu
Docker ass eng Open Source a populär Betribssystem-Niveau Virtualiséierung (allgemeng bekannt als Containeriséierung) Technologie déi haaptsächlech op Linux a Windows leeft. Docker mécht et méi einfach fir Uwendungen ze kreéieren, z'installéieren an auszeféieren andeems Dir Container benotzt.
Mat Container kënnen d'Entwéckler (a Systemadministratoren) eng Applikatioun packen mat alles wat néideg ass fir d'Applikatioun ze lafen - de Code, e Run-Time, Bibliothéiken, Ëmfeldvariablen, a Konfiguratiounsdateien, a verschécken alles als ee Package. Jo, et ass super!
An dësem Artikel wäerte mir Iech weisen wéi Dir Docker CE (Community Edition) installéiere wëllt, Docker Container op Ubuntu Verdeelung erstellen a lafen.
Installéiert Docker CE (Community Edition) an Ubuntu
1. Fir Docker CE z'installéieren, musst Dir als éischt eeler Versioune vun Docker ewechhuelen goufen docker, docker.io oder docker-engine genannt. vum System benotzt de folgende Kommando.
$ sudo apt-get remove docker docker-engine docker.io containerd runc
2. Als nächst musst Dir den Docker-Repository opstellen fir Docker aus dem Repository z'installéieren an ze aktualiséieren mat de folgende Kommandoen.
$ sudo apt-get update
$ curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo apt-key add -
$ sudo add-apt-repository "deb [arch=amd64] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu $(lsb_release -cs) stable"
3. Update den apt Package Index an installéiert déi lescht Versioun vum Docker CE mat de folgende Kommandoen.
$ sudo apt-get update
$ sudo apt-get install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following additional packages will be installed:
aufs-tools cgroupfs-mount pigz
The following NEW packages will be installed:
aufs-tools cgroupfs-mount containerd.io docker-ce docker-ce-cli pigz
0 upgraded, 6 newly installed, 0 to remove and 167 not upgraded.
Need to get 50.7 MB of archives.
After this operation, 243 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y
Get:1 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/universe amd64 pigz amd64 2.4-1 [57.4 kB]
Get:2 https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu bionic/stable amd64 containerd.io amd64 1.2.4-1 [19.9 MB]
Get:3 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/universe amd64 aufs-tools amd64 1:4.9+20170918-1ubuntu1 [104 kB]
Get:4 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/universe amd64 cgroupfs-mount all 1.4 [6,320 B]
Get:5 https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu bionic/stable amd64 docker-ce-cli amd64 5:18.09.3~3-0~ubuntu-bionic [13.1 MB]
Get:6 https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu bionic/stable amd64 docker-ce amd64 5:18.09.3~3-0~ubuntu-bionic [17.4 MB]
Fetched 50.7 MB in 7s (7,779 kB/s)
...
4. Nodeems Dir den Docker CE Package erfollegräich installéiert hutt, sollt de Service automatesch gestart ginn an automatesch aktivéiert ginn fir beim Systemboot ze starten, Dir kënnt säi Status iwwerpréiwen mat dem folgenden Kommando.
$ sudo systemctl status docker
● docker.service - Docker Application Container Engine
Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/docker.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
Active: active (running) since Wed 2019-03-06 08:06:42 UTC; 2min 18s ago
Docs: https://docs.docker.com
Main PID: 5274 (dockerd)
Tasks: 8
CGroup: /system.slice/docker.service
└─5274 /usr/bin/dockerd -H fd:// --containerd=/run/containerd/containerd.sock
Mar 06 08:06:41 tecmint dockerd[5274]: time="2019-03-06T08:06:41.562587408Z" level=warning msg="Your kernel does not support cgroup rt runtime"
Mar 06 08:06:41 tecmint dockerd[5274]: time="2019-03-06T08:06:41.562767803Z" level=warning msg="Your kernel does not support cgroup blkio weight"
Mar 06 08:06:41 tecmint dockerd[5274]: time="2019-03-06T08:06:41.562966844Z" level=warning msg="Your kernel does not support cgroup blkio weight_device"
Mar 06 08:06:41 tecmint dockerd[5274]: time="2019-03-06T08:06:41.565298457Z" level=info msg="Loading containers: start."
Mar 06 08:06:41 tecmint dockerd[5274]: time="2019-03-06T08:06:41.950942467Z" level=info msg="Default bridge (docker0) is assigned with an IP address 172.17.0.0/16. Daemon option --bip can be used to set a prefer
Mar 06 08:06:42 tecmint dockerd[5274]: time="2019-03-06T08:06:42.036964493Z" level=info msg="Loading containers: done."
Mar 06 08:06:42 tecmint dockerd[5274]: time="2019-03-06T08:06:42.156279378Z" level=info msg="Docker daemon" commit=774a1f4 graphdriver(s)=overlay2 version=18.09.3
Mar 06 08:06:42 tecmint dockerd[5274]: time="2019-03-06T08:06:42.157145045Z" level=info msg="Daemon has completed initialization"
Mar 06 08:06:42 tecmint systemd[1]: Started Docker Application Container Engine.
Mar 06 08:06:42 tecmint dockerd[5274]: time="2019-03-06T08:06:42.224229999Z" level=info msg="API listen on /var/run/docker.sock"
5. Endlech verifizéiert datt Docker CE richteg installéiert ass andeems Dir de Hallo-Welt Bild leeft.
$ sudo docker run hello-world
Hello from Docker!
This message shows that your installation appears to be working correctly.
To generate this message, Docker took the following steps:
1. The Docker client contacted the Docker daemon.
2. The Docker daemon pulled the "hello-world" image from the Docker Hub.
(amd64)
3. The Docker daemon created a new container from that image which runs the
executable that produces the output you are currently reading.
4. The Docker daemon streamed that output to the Docker client, which sent it
to your terminal.
To try something more ambitious, you can run an Ubuntu container with:
$ docker run -it ubuntu bash
Share images, automate workflows, and more with a free Docker ID:
https://hub.docker.com/
For more examples and ideas, visit:
https://docs.docker.com/get-started/
Léiert Basis Docker Kommandoen an Ubuntu
6. Fir Informatiounen iwwer Docker ze kréien, lafen de folgende Kommando.
$ sudo docker info
Kernel Version: 5.0.0-050000-generic
Operating System: Ubuntu 18.04.1 LTS
OSType: linux
Architecture: x86_64
CPUs: 1
Total Memory: 1.452GiB
Name: tecmint
ID: FWSB:IRIF:DYL7:PRB5:Y66E:37MY:ISPO:HZVY:6YJO:2IYL:TO6Y:GNB7
Docker Root Dir: /var/lib/docker
Debug Mode (client): false
Debug Mode (server): false
Registry: https://index.docker.io/v1/
Labels:
Experimental: false
Insecure Registries:
127.0.0.0/8
Live Restore Enabled: false
Product License: Community Engine
7. Fir Informatiounen iwwer Docker Versioun ze kréien, lafen de folgende Kommando.
$ sudo docker version
Client:
Version: 18.09.3
API version: 1.39
Go version: go1.10.8
Git commit: 774a1f4
Built: Thu Feb 28 06:53:11 2019
OS/Arch: linux/amd64
Experimental: false
Server: Docker Engine - Community
Engine:
Version: 18.09.3
API version: 1.39 (minimum version 1.12)
Go version: go1.10.8
Git commit: 774a1f4
Built: Thu Feb 28 05:59:55 2019
OS/Arch: linux/amd64
Experimental: false
8. Fir eng Lëscht vun all verfügbaren Docker Kommandoen ze kréien, lafen docker op Ärem Terminal.
$ docker
Usage: docker [OPTIONS] COMMAND
A self-sufficient runtime for containers
Options:
--config string Location of client config files (default "/home/tecmint/.docker")
-D, --debug Enable debug mode
-H, --host list Daemon socket(s) to connect to
-l, --log-level string Set the logging level ("debug"|"info"|"warn"|"error"|"fatal") (default "info")
--tls Use TLS; implied by --tlsverify
--tlscacert string Trust certs signed only by this CA (default "/home/tecmint/.docker/ca.pem")
--tlscert string Path to TLS certificate file (default "/home/tecmint/.docker/cert.pem")
--tlskey string Path to TLS key file (default "/home/tecmint/.docker/key.pem")
--tlsverify Use TLS and verify the remote
-v, --version Print version information and quit
Management Commands:
builder Manage builds
config Manage Docker configs
container Manage containers
engine Manage the docker engine
image Manage images
network Manage networks
node Manage Swarm nodes
plugin Manage plugins
secret Manage Docker secrets
service Manage services
stack Manage Docker stacks
swarm Manage Swarm
system Manage Docker
trust Manage trust on Docker images
volume Manage volumes
....
Luet en Docker Image an Ubuntu erof
9. Fir en Docker Container ze lafen, musst Dir als éischt e Bild vum Docker Hub eroflueden - bitt gratis Biller vu senge Repositories.
Zum Beispill, fir en Docker-Bild mam Numm CentOS 7 erofzelueden, gitt de folgende Kommando aus.
$ sudo docker search centos
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
centos The official build of CentOS. 5227 [OK]
ansible/centos7-ansible Ansible on Centos7 120 [OK]
jdeathe/centos-ssh CentOS-6 6.10 x86_64 / CentOS-7 7.5.1804 x86… 107 [OK]
consol/centos-xfce-vnc Centos container with "headless" VNC session… 81 [OK]
imagine10255/centos6-lnmp-php56 centos6-lnmp-php56 50 [OK]
centos/mysql-57-centos7 MySQL 5.7 SQL database server 47
tutum/centos Simple CentOS docker image with SSH access 43
gluster/gluster-centos Official GlusterFS Image [ CentOS-7 + Glust… 40 [OK]
openshift/base-centos7 A Centos7 derived base image for Source-To-I… 39
centos/postgresql-96-centos7 PostgreSQL is an advanced Object-Relational … 37
centos/python-35-centos7 Platform for building and running Python 3.5… 33
kinogmt/centos-ssh CentOS with SSH 26 [OK]
openshift/jenkins-2-centos7 A Centos7 based Jenkins v2.x image for use w… 20
centos/php-56-centos7 Platform for building and running PHP 5.6 ap… 19
pivotaldata/centos-gpdb-dev CentOS image for GPDB development. Tag names… 10
openshift/wildfly-101-centos7 A Centos7 based WildFly v10.1 image for use … 6
openshift/jenkins-1-centos7 DEPRECATED: A Centos7 based Jenkins v1.x ima… 4
darksheer/centos Base Centos Image -- Updated hourly 3 [OK]
pivotaldata/centos Base centos, freshened up a little with a Do… 2
pivotaldata/centos-mingw Using the mingw toolchain to cross-compile t… 2
pivotaldata/centos-gcc-toolchain CentOS with a toolchain, but unaffiliated wi… 1
openshift/wildfly-81-centos7 A Centos7 based WildFly v8.1 image for use w… 1
blacklabelops/centos CentOS Base Image! Built and Updates Daily! 1 [OK]
smartentry/centos centos with smartentry 0 [OK]
jameseckersall/sonarr-centos Sonarr on CentOS 7 0 [OK]
10. Nodeems Dir bestëmmt hutt op wéi engem Bild Dir wëllt op Basis vun Ären Ufuerderunge lafen, luet se lokal erof andeems Dir de Kommando hei drënner leeft (an dësem Fall gëtt e CentOS Bild erofgelueden a benotzt).
$ docker pull centos
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/centos
a02a4930cb5d: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:184e5f35598e333bfa7de10d8fb1cebb5ee4df5bc0f970bf2b1e7c7345136426
Status: Downloaded newer image for centos:latest
11. Fir all déi verfügbar Docker-Biller op Ärem Host ze lëschten, lafen de folgende Kommando.
$ sudo docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
hello-world latest fce289e99eb9 2 months ago 1.84kB
centos latest 1e1148e4cc2c 3 months ago 202MB
12. Wann Dir kee Docker-Bild méi wëllt an Dir kënnt se mat dem folgenden Kommando erofhuelen.
$ sudo docker rmi centos
Untagged: centos:latest
Untagged: [email :184e5f35598e333bfa7de10d8fb1cebb5ee4df5bc0f970bf2b1e7c7345136426
Deleted: sha256:1e1148e4cc2c148c6890a18e3b2d2dde41a6745ceb4e5fe94a923d811bf82ddb
Deleted: sha256:071d8bd765171080d01682844524be57ac9883e53079b6ac66707e192ea25956
Run en Docker Container an Ubuntu
13. Fir en Docker Container ze kreéieren an auszeféieren, musst Dir als éischt e Kommando an e erofgelueden CentOS Bild ausféieren, also e Basisbefehl wier d'Verdeelungsversiounsdatei am Container mat Cat Kommando ze kontrolléieren , wéi gewisen.
$ docker run centos cat /etc/issue
14. Fir d'Container erëm auszeféieren, musst Dir als éischt d'Container ID oder den Numm kréien andeems Dir de folgende Kommando leeft, deen eng Lëscht vun de lafenden a gestoppte Container weist:
$ sudo docker ps -l
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
0ddfa81c5779 centos "cat /etc/issue" About a minute ago Exited (0) About a minute ago elastic_shirley
15. Wann d'Container ID oder den Numm opkaf ass, kënnt Dir de Container mat dem folgenden Kommando starten:
$ sudo docker start 0ddfa81c5779
OR
$ sudo docker start elastic_shirley
Hei stellt d'String 0ddfa81c5779 d'Container-ID duer an elastic_shirley duerstellt den Containernumm.
16. Fir de lafende Container ze stoppen lafen docker stop Kommando andeems Dir d'Container ID oder den Numm spezifizéiert.
$ sudo docker stop 0ddfa81c5779
OR
$ sudo docker stop elastic_shirley
17. E méi bessere Wee, fir datt Dir d'Container ID net erënnere musst, wier en eenzegaartegen Numm fir all Container ze definéieren, deen Dir erstellt, andeems Dir d'Optioun --name benotzt wéi gewisen.
$ docker run --name myname centos cat /etc/issue
18. Fir Linux Kommandoen an e Container ze verbannen an auszeféieren, gitt de folgende Kommando.
$ docker run -it centos bash
uname -a
Linux 6213ec547863 5.0.0-050000-generic #201903032031 SMP Mon Mar 4 01:33:18 UTC 2019 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS Linux release 7.6.1810 (Core)
19. Fir opzehalen an zréck op d'Host vun der lafender Container Sessioun musst Dir exit Kommando aginn wéi gewisen.
$ exit
Dat ass alles fir Basis Container Manipulatioun. Wann Dir Froen oder Kommentaren iwwer dësen Artikel hutt, benotzt de Feedbackformular hei ënnen fir eis z'erreechen.