20 Netstat Kommandoen fir Linux Network Management
netstat (Netzwierkstatistiken) ass e Kommandozeil-Tool fir d'Netzverbindunge souwuel erakommen an ausgaang ze iwwerwaachen wéi och Routingtabellen, Interface Statistiken, etc.
[ Dir kënnt och gär hunn: 22 Linux Networking Commands for Sysadmin ]
netstat ass verfügbar op all Unix-ähnlechen Betribssystemer an och op Windows OS verfügbar. Et ass ganz nëtzlech a punkto Netzwierk Troubleshooting a Performance Messung.
netstat ass ee vun de meescht Basis Netzwierkservicer Debugging Tools, seet Iech op Ports lauschteren.
Den Netstat Tool ass ganz wichteg a vill nëtzlech fir Linux Netzwierk Administrateuren souwéi System Administrateuren fir hir Netzwierkproblemer ze iwwerwaachen an ze léisen an d'Netzverkéierleistung ze bestëmmen.
Dësen Artikel weist d'Benotzunge vum Netstat Kommando mat hiren Beispiller déi nëtzlech kënne sinn am alldeeglechen Operatioun.
[ Dir kënnt och gär hunn: 35 Praktesch Beispiller vu Linux Find Command ]
Oplëschtung vun all Häfen (souwuel TCP an UDP) benotzt netstat -a Optioun.
# netstat -a | more Active Internet connections (servers and established) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State tcp 0 0 *:sunrpc *:* LISTEN tcp 0 52 192.168.0.2:ssh 192.168.0.1:egs ESTABLISHED tcp 1 0 192.168.0.2:59292 www.gov.com:http CLOSE_WAIT tcp 0 0 localhost:smtp *:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 *:59482 *:* LISTEN udp 0 0 *:35036 *:* udp 0 0 *:npmp-local *:* Active UNIX domain sockets (servers and established) Proto RefCnt Flags Type State I-Node Path unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 16972 /tmp/orbit-root/linc-76b-0-6fa08790553d6 unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 17149 /tmp/orbit-root/linc-794-0-7058d584166d2 unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 17161 /tmp/orbit-root/linc-792-0-546fe905321cc unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 15938 /tmp/orbit-root/linc-74b-0-415135cb6aeab
Oplëschtung nëmmen TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) Portverbindunge mat Netstat -at.
# netstat -at Active Internet connections (servers and established) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State tcp 0 0 *:ssh *:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 localhost:ipp *:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 localhost:smtp *:* LISTEN tcp 0 52 192.168.0.2:ssh 192.168.0.1:egs ESTABLISHED tcp 1 0 192.168.0.2:59292 www.gov.com:http CLOSE_WAIT
Oplëschtung nëmmen UDP (User Datagram Protokoll) Portverbindunge mat Netstat -au.
# netstat -au Active Internet connections (servers and established) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State udp 0 0 *:35036 *:* udp 0 0 *:npmp-local *:* udp 0 0 *:mdns *:*
Oplëschtung vun all aktiv lauschteren Häfen Verbindungen mat netstat -l.
# netstat -l Active Internet connections (only servers) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State tcp 0 0 *:sunrpc *:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 *:58642 *:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 *:ssh *:* LISTEN udp 0 0 *:35036 *:* udp 0 0 *:npmp-local *:* Active UNIX domain sockets (only servers) Proto RefCnt Flags Type State I-Node Path unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 16972 /tmp/orbit-root/linc-76b-0-6fa08790553d6 unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 17149 /tmp/orbit-root/linc-794-0-7058d584166d2 unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 17161 /tmp/orbit-root/linc-792-0-546fe905321cc unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 15938 /tmp/orbit-root/linc-74b-0-415135cb6aeab
Oplëschtung vun all aktiv lauschteren TCP Häfen mat Optioun netstat -lt.
# netstat -lt Active Internet connections (only servers) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State tcp 0 0 *:dctp *:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 *:mysql *:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 *:sunrpc *:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 *:munin *:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 *:ftp *:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 localhost.localdomain:ipp *:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 localhost.localdomain:smtp *:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 *:http *:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 *:ssh *:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 *:https *:* LISTEN
Oplëschtung vun all aktiv lauschteren UDP Häfen vun Optioun netstat -lu benotzt.
# netstat -lu Active Internet connections (only servers) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State udp 0 0 *:39578 *:* udp 0 0 *:meregister *:* udp 0 0 *:vpps-qua *:* udp 0 0 *:openvpn *:* udp 0 0 *:mdns *:* udp 0 0 *:sunrpc *:* udp 0 0 *:ipp *:* udp 0 0 *:60222 *:* udp 0 0 *:mdns *:*
Oplëschtung vun all aktiv UNIX Nolauschterhäfen mat Netstat -lx.
# netstat -lx Active UNIX domain sockets (only servers) Proto RefCnt Flags Type State I-Node Path unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 4171 @ISCSIADM_ABSTRACT_NAMESPACE unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 5767 /var/run/cups/cups.sock unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 7082 @/tmp/fam-root- unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 6157 /dev/gpmctl unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 6215 @/var/run/hald/dbus-IcefTIUkHm unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 6038 /tmp/.font-unix/fs7100 unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 6175 /var/run/avahi-daemon/socket unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 4157 @ISCSID_UIP_ABSTRACT_NAMESPACE unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 60835836 /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 4645 /var/run/audispd_events unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 5136 /var/run/dbus/system_bus_socket unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 6216 @/var/run/hald/dbus-wsUBI30V2I unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 5517 /var/run/acpid.socket unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 5531 /var/run/pcscd.comm
Weist Statistike vum Protokoll. Par défaut ginn Statistike fir den TCP, UDP, ICMP, an IP Protokoller gewisen. Den -s Parameter kann benotzt ginn fir eng Rei vu Protokoller ze spezifizéieren.
# netstat -s
Ip:
2461 total packets received
0 forwarded
0 incoming packets discarded
2431 incoming packets delivered
2049 requests sent out
Icmp:
0 ICMP messages received
0 input ICMP message failed.
ICMP input histogram:
1 ICMP messages sent
0 ICMP messages failed
ICMP output histogram:
destination unreachable: 1
Tcp:
159 active connections openings
1 passive connection openings
4 failed connection attempts
0 connection resets received
1 connections established
2191 segments received
1745 segments send out
24 segments retransmited
0 bad segments received.
4 resets sent
Udp:
243 packets received
1 packets to unknown port received.
0 packet receive errors
281 packets sent
Weist Statistike vun nëmmen TCP Protokoll andeems Dir Optioun netstat -st benotzt.
# netstat -st
Tcp:
2805201 active connections openings
1597466 passive connection openings
1522484 failed connection attempts
37806 connection resets received
1 connections established
57718706 segments received
64280042 segments send out
3135688 segments retransmited
74 bad segments received.
17580 resets sent# netstat -su
Udp:
1774823 packets received
901848 packets to unknown port received.
0 packet receive errors
2968722 packets sentDe Servicenumm mat hirer PID Nummer ze weisen, andeems d'Optioun netstat -tp benotzt gëtt PID/Programmnumm.
# netstat -tp Active Internet connections (w/o servers) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name tcp 0 0 192.168.0.2:ssh 192.168.0.1:egs ESTABLISHED 2179/sshd tcp 1 0 192.168.0.2:59292 www.gov.com:http CLOSE_WAIT 1939/clock-applet
Promiskuéis Modus mat -ac Schalter ze weisen, netstat dréckt déi gewielte Informatioun oder erfrëscht Écran all fënnef Sekonnen. De Standardbildschierm erfrëscht all Sekonn.
# netstat -ac 5 | grep tcp tcp 0 0 *:sunrpc *:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 *:58642 *:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 *:ssh *:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 localhost:ipp *:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 localhost:smtp *:* LISTEN tcp 1 0 192.168.0.2:59447 www.gov.com:http CLOSE_WAIT tcp 0 52 192.168.0.2:ssh 192.168.0.1:egs ESTABLISHED tcp 0 0 *:sunrpc *:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 *:ssh *:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 localhost:ipp *:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 localhost:smtp *:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 *:59482 *:* LISTEN
Weist Kernel IP Routing Tabelle mat Netstat a Route Kommando.
# netstat -r Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags MSS Window irtt Iface 192.168.0.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 link-local * 255.255.0.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 default 192.168.0.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0
Weist Netzwierk-Interface Pakettransaktiounen inklusiv Transfert a Empfang vu Pakete mat MTU Gréisst.
# netstat -i Kernel Interface table Iface MTU Met RX-OK RX-ERR RX-DRP RX-OVR TX-OK TX-ERR TX-DRP TX-OVR Flg eth0 1500 0 4459 0 0 0 4057 0 0 0 BMRU lo 16436 0 8 0 0 0 8 0 0 0 LRU
Weist Kernel Interface Dësch, ähnlech wéi ifconfig Kommando.
# netstat -ie
Kernel Interface table
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:B4:DA:21
inet addr:192.168.0.2 Bcast:192.168.0.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:feb4:da21/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:4486 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:4077 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:2720253 (2.5 MiB) TX bytes:1161745 (1.1 MiB)
Interrupt:18 Base address:0x2000
lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1
RX packets:8 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:8 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:480 (480.0 b) TX bytes:480 (480.0 b)Weist Multicast Grupp Memberschaft Informatioun fir béid IPv4 an IPv6.
# netstat -g IPv6/IPv4 Group Memberships Interface RefCnt Group --------------- ------ --------------------- lo 1 all-systems.mcast.net eth0 1 224.0.0.251 eth0 1 all-systems.mcast.net lo 1 ff02::1 eth0 1 ff02::202 eth0 1 ff02::1:ffb4:da21 eth0 1 ff02::1
Fir netstat Informatioun all puer Sekonnen ze kréien, benotzt dann de folgende Kommando, et wäert kontinuéierlech netstat Informatioun drécken, sot all puer Sekonnen.
# netstat -c Active Internet connections (w/o servers) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State tcp 0 0 linux-console.net:http sg2nlhg007.shr.prod.s:36944 TIME_WAIT tcp 0 0 linux-console.net:http sg2nlhg010.shr.prod.s:42110 TIME_WAIT tcp 0 132 linux-console.net:ssh 115.113.134.3.static-:64662 ESTABLISHED tcp 0 0 linux-console.net:http crawl-66-249-71-240.g:41166 TIME_WAIT tcp 0 0 localhost.localdomain:54823 localhost.localdomain:smtp TIME_WAIT tcp 0 0 localhost.localdomain:54822 localhost.localdomain:smtp TIME_WAIT tcp 0 0 linux-console.net:http sg2nlhg010.shr.prod.s:42091 TIME_WAIT tcp 0 0 linux-console.net:http sg2nlhg007.shr.prod.s:36998 TIME_WAIT
Fannen onkonfiguréiert Adressfamilljen mat nëtzlechen Informatiounen.
# netstat --verbose netstat: no support for `AF IPX' on this system. netstat: no support for `AF AX25' on this system. netstat: no support for `AF X25' on this system. netstat: no support for `AF NETROM' on this system.
Fannt eraus wéivill Nolauschterprogrammer op engem Hafen lafen.
# netstat -ap | grep http tcp 0 0 *:http *:* LISTEN 9056/httpd tcp 0 0 *:https *:* LISTEN 9056/httpd tcp 0 0 linux-console.net:http sg2nlhg008.shr.prod.s:35248 TIME_WAIT - tcp 0 0 linux-console.net:http sg2nlhg007.shr.prod.s:57783 TIME_WAIT - tcp 0 0 linux-console.net:http sg2nlhg007.shr.prod.s:57769 TIME_WAIT - tcp 0 0 linux-console.net:http sg2nlhg008.shr.prod.s:35270 TIME_WAIT - tcp 0 0 linux-console.net:http sg2nlhg009.shr.prod.s:41637 TIME_WAIT - tcp 0 0 linux-console.net:http sg2nlhg009.shr.prod.s:41614 TIME_WAIT - unix 2 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 88586726 10394/httpd
# netstat --statistics --raw
Ip:
62175683 total packets received
52970 with invalid addresses
0 forwarded
Icmp:
875519 ICMP messages received
destination unreachable: 901671
echo request: 8
echo replies: 16253
IcmpMsg:
InType0: 83
IpExt:
InMcastPkts: 117
Dat ass et, Wann Dir no méi Informatioun an Optiounen iwwer den netstat Kommando sicht, kuckt op netstat manuell Dokumenter oder benotzt de Man netstat Kommando fir all Informatioun ze wëssen.
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